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Safety in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suite

References

1. Bhachu DS, Kanal E. Implantable pulse generators (pacemakers) and electrodes: safety in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner environment. J Magn Reson Imag 2000;12:201-204.

2. Bell C, Conte AH. Monitoring oxygenation and ventilation during magnetic resonance imaging: a pictorial essay. J Clin Monit 1996;2:71-4.

3. Brown TR, Goldstein B, Little J. Severe burn resulting from magnetic resonance imaging with cardiopulmonary monitoring. Am J Phys Med & Rehab 1993;72:166-7.

4. Edelman R, Kleefield J, Wentz K, Atkinson D.Edelman R, Hesselink J, ed. Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging, in: Clinical magnetic resonance imaging. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1990.

5. Edelman R, Warach S. Magnetic resonance imaging. N Engl J Med 1993;328:708-16.

6. Edwards MB, Taylor KM, Shellock FG. Prosthetic heart valves: evaluation of magnetic field interatction, heating and artifacts at 1.5 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:363-9.

7. Finelli DA, Rezai AR, Ruggieri PM, Tkach JA, Nyenhuis JA, Hrdlicka G, Sharan A, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Stypulkowski PH, Shellock FG. MR imaging-related heating of deep brain stimulation electrodes: in vitro study. Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23:1795-802.

8. Gangarosa RE, Minnis JE, Nobbe J, Praschan D, Genberg RW. Operational safety issues in MRI. Magn Reson Imag 1987;5:287-292.

9. Gimbel JR, Johnson D, Levine PA, Wilkoff BL. Safe performance of magnetic resonance imaging on five patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996;19:913-9.

10. Greatbatch W, Miller V, Shellock FG. Magnetic resonance safety testing of a newly developed fiber-optic cardiac pacing lead. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002;16:97-103.

11. Hall SC, Stevenson GW, Suresh S. Burn associated with temperature monitoring during magnetic resonance imaging. Letter. Anesthesiology 1992;76:152.

12. Ho HS. Safety of metallic implants in magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;14:472-77.

13. Holshouser BA, Hinshaw DB, Shellock FG. Sedation, anesthesia, and physiologic monitoring during MR imaging: evaluation of procedures and equipment. JMRI 1993;3:553-8.

14. Hug J, Nagel E, Bornstedt A, Schnackenburg B, Oswald H, Fleck E. Coronary arterial stents: safety and artifacts during MR imaging. Radiology 2000;216:781-7.

15. Hughes CW. Anesthesia outside of the operating room. Sem in Anesth 1990;9:190-6.

16. Jorgensen NH, Messick JM, Gray J, Nugent M, Berquist TH. ASA monitoring standards and magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Analg 1994;79:1141-7.

17. Karlik SJ, Heatherley T, Pavan F, et al. Patient anesthesia and monitoring at a 1.5-T MRI installation. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 1988;7:210-221.

18. Koskinen MF.Edelman R, Hesselink J, ed. Site planning, in: Clinical magnetic resonance imaging. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 1990.

19. Marsh ML, Sessler DI. Failure of intraoperative liquid-crystal temperature monitoring. Anesth Analg 1996;82:1102-4.

20. Mathru M, Esch O, Lang J, Herbert ME, Chaljub G, Goodacre B, vanSonnenberg E. Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper airway: effects of propofol anesthesia and nasal continuous positive airway pressure in humans. Anesthesiology 1996;84:273-9.

21. McJury M, Shellock FG. Auditory noise associated with MR procedures: a review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:37-45.

22. Menon DK, Peden CJ, Hall AS, Sargentoni J, Whitwam JG. Magnetic resonance for the anesthetist. Anaesthesia 1992;47:240-55.

23. Ordidge RJ, Fullerton G, Norris DG. MRI safety limits: is MRI safe or not?. British Journal of Radiology 2000;73:1-2.

24. Ordidge RJ, Shellock FG, Kanal E. A Y2000 Update of current safety issues related to MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:1.

25. Patteson SK, Chesney JT. Anesthetic management for magnetic resonance imaging: problems and solutions. Anesth Analg 1992;74:121-8.

26. Pavlicek W. Safeguarding against MRI hazards. Diag Imaging 1985;2:166.

27. Pavlicek W.Stark D, Bradley W, ed. Safety considerations, in: Magnetic resonance imaging. St Louis, MO: CV Mosby, 1988.

28. Peden CJ, Menon DK, Hall AS, Sargentoni J, Whitwam JG. Magnetic resonance for the anaesthetist, part II: anaesthesia and monitoring in MR units. Anaesthesia 1992;47:508-17.

29. Pope KS. An infusion pump that works. Letter. Anesth Analg 1993;77:645.

30. Pride GL, Kowal J, Mendelsohn D, Chason DP, Fleckenstein JL. Safety of MR scanning in patients with nonferromagnetic aneurysm clips. J Magn Reson Imag 2000;12:198-200.

31. Pruefer D, Kalden P, Schreiber W, Dahm M, Buerke M, Thelen M, Oelert H. In vitro investigation of prosthetic heart valves in magnetic resonance imaging: evaluation of potential hazards. J Heart Valve Dis 2001;10:410-4.

32. Rotello LC, Radin EJ, Jastremski MS, Craner D, Milewski A. MRI protocol for critically ill patients. American Journal of Critical Care 1994;3:187-90.

33. Sawyer-Glover AM, Shellock FG. Pre-MRI procedure screening: recommendations and safety considerations for biomedical implants and devices. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:92-106.

34. Schenck JF. Safety of strong, static magnetic fields. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:2-19.

35. Schueler BA, Parrish TB, Lin JC, Hammer BE, Pangrle BJ, Ritenour ER, Kucharczyk J, Truwit CL. MRI compatibility and visibility assessment of implantable medical devices. J Magn Reson Imag 1999;9:596-603.

36. Sellden H, De Chateau P, Ekman G, et al. Circulatory monitoring of children during anaesthesia in low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990;34:41-43.

37. Shellock FG. Prosthetic heart valves and annuloplasty rings: assessment of magnetic field interactions, heating , and artifacts at 1.5 Tesla. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2001;3:317-24.

38. Shellock FG. Radiofrequency energy-induced heating during MR procedures: a review. J Magn Reson Imag 2000;12:30-36.

39. Shellock FG, O'Neil M, Evans V, Kelly D, O'Connor M, Toay L, Crues JV. Cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators are unaffected by operation of an extremity MR imaging system. Am J Roentgenol 1999;172:165-70.

40. Shellock FG, Shellock VJ. Metallic stents: evaluation of MR imaging safety. Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:543-7.

41. Shellock FG, Shellock VJ. Vascular access ports and catheters: ex vivo testing of ferromagnetism, heating and artifacts associated with MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 1996;14:443-7.

42. Shellock FG, Slimp GL. Severe burn of the finger caused by using a pulse oximeter during MR imaging. AJR 1989;153:1105.

43. Sommer T, Vahihaus C, Lauck G, von Smekal A, Reinke M, Hofer U, Block W, Traber F, Schneider C, Gieseke J, Jung W, Schild H. MR Imaging and cardiac pacemakers: in vitro evaluation and in vivo studies in 51 patients at 0.5 T. Radiology 2000;215:869-879.

44. Taber KH, Hayman LA, Northrup SR, Maturi L. Vital sign changes during infant magnetic resonance examinations. JMRI 1998;8:1252-56.

45. Teissl C, Kremser C, Hochmair ES, Hochmair-Desoyer IJ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and cochlear implants: compatibility and safety aspects. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;9:23-38.

46. Volgyesi GA, Doyle DJ, Kucharczyk W, et al. Design and evaluation of a pneumatic pulse monitor for use during magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Monit 1991;7:186-188.

47. Williams EJ, Jones NS, Carpenter TA, Bunch CS, Menon DK. Testing of adult and paediatric ventilators for use in a magnetic resonance imaging unit. Anaesthesia 1999;54:969-974.

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