More than 1,000,000 readers annually worldwide

The Official Journal of the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation

The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Newsletter is the official publication of the nonprofit Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation and is published three times per year in Wilmington, Delaware. Individuals and corporations may subscribe for $100. If multiple copies of the APSF Newsletter are needed, please contact: [email protected]. Contri­butions to the Foundation are tax-deduct­ible. ©2020, The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation.

The opinions expressed in this Newsletter are not necessarily those of the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. The APSF neither writes nor promulgates standards, and the opinions expressed herein should not be construed to constitute practice standards or practice parameters. Validity of opinions presented, drug dosages, accuracy, and completeness of content are not guaranteed by the APSF.

APSF Executive Committee 2020

Mark A. Warner, MD, President, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Cole, MD, Vice President, Los Angeles, CA; Matthew B. Weinger, MD, Secretary, Nashville, TN; Douglas A. Bartlett, Treasurer, Boulder, CO; Maria van Pelt, CRNA, PhD, Director At-Large, Boston, MA.

APSF Newsletter Editorial Board 2020

Steven B. Greenberg, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Chicago, IL; Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD, Associate Editor, Boston, MA; Jennifer M. Banayan, MD, Associate Editor, Chicago, IL; Meghan Lane-Fall, MD, Assistant Editor, Philadelphia, PA; Trygve Armour, MD, Rochester, MN; JW Beard, MD, Wilmette, IL; Heather Colombano, MD, Winston-Salem, NC; Jan Ehrenwerth, MD, New Haven, CT; John H. Eichhorn, MD, San Jose, CA; Nikolaus Gravenstein, MD, Gainesville, FL; Joshua Lea, CRNA, Boston, MA; Bommy Hong Mershon, MD, Baltimore, MD; Tricia A. Meyer, PharmD, Temple, TX; Glenn S. Murphy, MD, Chicago, IL; Brian Thomas, JD, Kansas City, MO; Jeffrey S. Vender, MD, Winnetka, IL; Wilson Somerville, PhD, Editorial Assistant, Winston-Salem, NC. Please see the links of international editors at https://www.apsf.org/wp-content/uploads/newsletter/APSF-International-Editors.pdf

Address all general, contributor, and subscription correspondence to:

Stacey Maxwell, Administrator
Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
P.O. Box 6668
Rochester, MN 55903, U.S.A.
[email protected]

Address Newsletter editorial comments, questions, letters, and suggestions to:

Steven B. Greenberg, MD
Editor-in-Chief, APSF Newsletter
[email protected]

Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD
Associate Editor, APSF Newsletter
[email protected]

Jennifer M. Banayan, MD
Associate Editor, APSF Newsletter
[email protected]

Meghan Lane-Fall, MD
Assistant Editor, APSF Newsletter
[email protected]

Send contributions to:

Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
P.O. Box 6668
Rochester, MN 55903, U.S.A.

Or please donate online at www.apsf.org/donate.