More than 700,000 readers annually worldwide

The Official Journal of the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation

The Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation Newsletter is the official publication of the nonprofit Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation and is published three times per year in Wilmington, Delaware. Contri­butions to the Foundation are tax-deduct­ible. ©Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation, 2023.

The opinions expressed in this Newsletter are not necessarily those of the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. The APSF neither writes nor promulgates standards, and the opinions expressed herein should not be construed to constitute practice standards or practice parameters. Validity of opinions presented, drug dosages, accuracy, and completeness of content are not guaranteed by the APSF.

APSF Executive Committee 2023:

Daniel J. Cole, MD, President, Los Angeles, CA; Meghan Lane-Fall, MD, Vice President, Philadelphia, PA; Steven B. Greenberg, MD, Secretary, Chicago, IL; Douglas A. Bartlett, Treasurer, Boulder, CO; Lynn Reede, DNP, MBA, CRNA, FNAP, Director At-Large, Boston, MA.

APSF Newsletter Editorial Board 2023:

Steven B. Greenberg, MD, Editor, Chicago, IL; Jennifer M. Banayan, MD, Editor, Chicago, IL; Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD, Associate Editor, Boston, MA; Joshua Lea, CRNA, Assistant Editor, Boston, MA; Felipe Urdaneta, MD, Assistant Editor, Gainesville, FL; Aalok Agarwala, MD, MBA, Boston, MA; JW Beard, MD, Wilmette, IL; Heather Colombano, MD, Winston-Salem, NC; Jan Ehrenwerth, MD, New Haven, CT; John H. Eichhorn, MD, San Jose, CA; Meghan Lane-Fall, MD, Philadelphia, PA; Nikolaus Gravenstein, MD, Gainesville, FL; Jeffery Huang, MD, Tampa, FL; Bommy Hong Mershon, MD, Baltimore, MD; Tricia A. Meyer, PharmD, Temple, TX; Jayashree Sood, MD, New Delhi, India; Brian Thomas, JD, Kansas City, MO; Jeffrey S. Vender, MD, Winnetka, IL; Wilson Somerville, PhD, Editorial Assistant, Winston-Salem, NC. Please see the links of international editors at https://www.apsf.org/about-apsf/board-committees/apsf-newsletter-editorial-board/

Address all general, contributor, and sub­scription correspondence to:

Celestine Brandon, MBA Project Manager
Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
P.O. Box 6668
Rochester, MN 55903, U.S.A.
[email protected]

Address Newsletter editorial comments, questions, letters, and suggestions to the individuals editors:

Steven B. Greenberg, MD
Editor, APSF Newsletter
[email protected]

Jennifer M. Banayan, MD
Editor, APSF Newsletter
[email protected]

Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD
Associate Editor, APSF Newsletter
[email protected]

Assistant Editors:
Josh Lea, CRNA
[email protected]

Felipe Urdaneta, MD
[email protected]

Send contributions to:

Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation
P.O. Box 6668
Rochester, MN 55903, U.S.A.

Or please donate online at www.apsf.org/donate/.