Do Redheads Need More Anesthesia?

It is often claimed that people with red hair require more anesthesia, but is this true? While studies are mixed, research suggests that natural redheads may respond differently to pain and anesthesia. Here’s what patients should know.

‘Redhead Gene’ and Pain Sensitivity.

Red hair is caused by a genetic variant in the MC1R gene, which affects melanin production and influences hair and skin color. This same gene may also play a role in how redheads perceive different types of pain. For example, patients with red hair have been found to be:

• Less sensitive to electric shock, stinging, and needle-prick pain on the skin, but…
• More sensitive to thermal pain, such as heat and cold.

Patients with red hair have also been shown to have different sensitivities to anesthetics and pain medications.

Anesthesia and Redheads: What Studies Show.

Research suggests that redheads may have unique responses to anesthesia. Key findings include:

• Higher general anesthesia needs: Redheads may require ~20% more to maintain unconsciousness during surgery.
• Resistance to local anesthetics: Drugs like lidocaine (used in dental work) may be less effective.
• Increased opioid sensitivity: They may need lower doses for pain relief.

While animal studies support these findings, not all human studies have shown significant differences in anesthesia needs for redheads. Larger clinical studies are needed to confirm the role of red hair in anesthesia and pain sensitivity.

Does This Mean Redheads Require More Anesthesia?

Patients with red hair may require more anesthesia in some cases, but this won’t be true for everyone. Other individual factors including health conditions and medications can significantly influence anesthesia needs. Anesthesia providers consider all of these factors when determining the best dosage and type of anesthesia for each patient.

What Should Redheads Tell Their Provider?

Natural redheads who need surgery or dental work should inform their anesthesia provider or dentist before their procedure about:

• Their natural hair color and possible anesthesia resistance.
• Previous experiences with anesthetics and opioids to help ensure proper medication and dosing.

During and after their procedure, they should report:

• Any unexpected pain during dental work or surgery, so their provider can make adjustments.
• If they experienced anesthesia awareness during general anesthesia or deep sedation.
• Any serious side effects from opioids or other anesthesia drugs.

By talking openly, patients can help their providers deliver more effective anesthesia and pain relief.